Commercial disputes
No knowing receipt claim where equitable interest is destroyed: Byers v Saudi National Bank
The Court of Appeal has held that a claim in knowing receipt will fail if, at the moment of receipt, the beneficiary’s equitable proprietary interest is destroyed or overridden so that the recipient holds the property as beneficial owner.
Read moreCase closed: Court of Appeal has no inherent jurisdiction to review decision by single Court of Appeal Judge refusing permission to appeal if refusal is 'arguably wrong'
The Court of Appeal has confirmed that it has no inherent jurisdiction (outside Civil Procedure Rule.52.30 which applies in very limited circumstances) to reopen an appeal where a single judge has refused permission
Read moreHow aware were you? High Court refuses to strike out fraudulent misrepresentation claim in VW 'Dieselgate' emissions
In Crossley and others v Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft and others(1) the High Court refused to strike out or summarily dismiss the fraudulent misrepresentation claim brought by more than 86,000 vehicle owners against Volkswagen ("VW").
Read moreHigh Court dismisses application for extension of limitation period on basis of fraud at summary judgment stage
In Libyan Investment Authority v Credit Suisse International & Ors ([2021] EWHC 2684 (Comm), the Commercial Court granted summary judgment dismissing the Libyan Investment Authority's (LIA's) claims against Credit Suisse International (Credit Suisse) and others on the grounds that they were time-barred.
Read moreLimitation Act 1980 s.32(1): whether a claimant could have discovered fraud with "reasonable diligence" extends to events prior to accrual of the cause of action
The High Court found that, when considering the postponement of the limitation period for the purposes of Section 32(1) of the Limitation Act 1980, the question of whether the claimant could have discovered the fraud with "reasonable diligence" extends to the period before the claimant suffered a loss.
Read moreIs your phone tracking you? Perhaps, but it is a mere witness to your whereabouts according to the Court of Appeal
In EUI Ltd v UK Vodaphone Ltd(1) a claimant insurance company sought a Norwich Pharmacal order for mobile phone records to prove that an insurance claim had been falsely made.
Read moreHigh Court clarifies new witness evidence rules and requirement for list of documents under Practice Direction 57AC
Only list the documents used to refresh the memory of the witness, use the statement of best practice as a checklist and follow the principles of the practice direction: these are some of the main points arising out of the decision in Mansion Place Ltd v Fox Industrial Services Ltd [2021] EWHC 2747 (TCC), the first decision to give substantial guidance on the new witness statement rules under Practice Direction (PD) 57 AC.
Read moreNo best endeavours order where documents are out of party's control
The High Court considered in Various Airfinance Leasing Companies & Anor v Saudi Arabian Airlines Corporation(1) whether a party could be obliged to seek disclosure from the personal mobile devices of its ex-employees (i) on the basis that documents on the phones were within the party's control; and (ii) alternatively, by using its best endeavours to seek disclosure. The application was dismissed as the court found that the documents were not within the "control" of the party as a matter of Saudi law and that there was no power to compel best endeavours to seek disclosure of documents outside a party's control.
Read moreRecent judgment on ad hoc admission of overseas counsel tells of wider COVID-19 story
Applications for ad hoc admission, pursuant to section 27(4) of the Ordinance, are fact dependent and the relevant legal principles are well-established.
Read moreUpdated P.R.I.M.E. Finance Arbitration Rules launched for 2022
P.R.I.M.E Finance, the Hague-based Panel of Recognised International Market Experts in Finance, has launched updated P.R.I.M.E Finance Arbitration Rules (the Rules), which come into force from 1 January 2022.
Read moreSummary judgment application does not amount to submission to English jurisdiction
Does applying for summary judgment application before the determination of a parallel application for a stay, amount to a step in the proceedings that results submission to the jurisdiction?
Read moreWhat's up with disclosure? The pilot goes into a new phase from November
November ushers in a brand new phase for the disclosure pilot with several substantive amendments being made to the rules.
Read moreEnglish Commercial Court upholds the validity of swap contracts entered into by an Italian local authority
The Commercial Court has found that there was no limitation on the capacity of the Italian local authority Busto di Arsizio to enter into a valid swap contracts with Deutsche Bank.
Read moreOpening the gateway: Supreme Court favours wide interpretation for service out of the jurisdiction and clarifies rules of pleading foreign law
In order to sue a defendant who is outside the jurisdiction of the English courts, a claimant must show that damage was sustained in England.
Read moreCourt of Appeal holds that uncontroverted expert evidence can be rejected
The Court of Appeal has held that there is no rule that an uncontroverted expert report which complies with CPR PD 35 cannot be impugned in submissions and ultimately rejected by the judge.
Read moreStating the not-so-obvious: the importance of highlighting onerous standard contract terms and the perils of e-signing (Blu-Sky Solutions Limited v Be Caring Limited)
The importance of the duty to "fairly and reasonably" draw any particularly onerous clauses in standard conditions to the attention of customers has been highlighted by the High Court in Blu-Sky Solutions Limited v Be Caring Limited, where a party did not review standard terms when e-signing a contract.
Read moreHigh Court finds agency relationship and 'control' for purposes of disclosure where third party not authorised to sign contract for principal
In Quartz Assets LLC and another v Kestrel Coal Midco Pty Ltd [2021] EWHC 2675 (Comm), the High Court held that a third party authorised to conduct contractual negotiations on behalf of the Defendant, but not sign the contract, was acting as an agent, and that relevant documents which it had created were therefore in the Defendant's control and ought to be disclosed. The decision emphasises that the courts will consider substance over form when determining whether an agency relationship exists, and constitutes a reminder of the definition of 'control' for the purposes of disclosure.
Read moreChoose your words wisely: waiving privilege in witness evidence
In a cautionary tale for litigators, the High Court has ordered disclosure of privileged notes of a conversation after a witness referred to the conversation in his witness statement.(1)
Read moreAccess all areas? Privilege, the loss of confidentiality and a missed opportunity
Privilege is not necessarily lost when an opposing party has had access to that privileged material. The purpose and context of the access will lie at the heart of the court's decision in the event that a claim to privilege is disputed: ConocoPhillips Co v Chrysaor E&P Ltd [2021](1).
Read moreHigh Court refuses permission for unissued contempt application where breach of freezing order only technical
In Pharmagona Limited v Taheri,(1) the High Court refused to seal and issue a contempt application as the breach, if it had occurred, was only technical, and it was therefore inappropriate for the application to succeed.
Read moreHigh Court reviews permission for expert reports and delay after general adjourned period
In Redland Precast Concrete Products (China) Ltd v AES Steel Mould (Hong Kong) Ltd1 the Court of Appeal emphasised that it is unlikely to interfere with the exercise of a first instance court’s case management discretion regarding directions for expert reports, unless an applicant can show that the lower court’s decision is plainly wrong. This presents a party seeking to challenge such directions with a high threshold to overcome in order to obtain permission to appeal. In this case, the applicant (the plaintiff) was unable to meet the threshold – therefore, its application for permission to appeal was refused by the court. Had the plaintiff acted more expeditiously, immediately after the general adjourned period (when the courts were generally closed between January and May 2020 because of the pandemic), things may have turned out differently.
Read moreSecurity for costs – through what lens is the enforcement criteria viewed?
Political obstacles can trump legal obstacles when court is considering enforcement in security for costs applications Haque v Hussain(i)
Read moreExceptional Circumstances: CPR 52.30 and a lesson on drafting grounds of appeal from the Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal has given guidance on how to draft grounds of appeal in a rap over the knuckles for lawyers responsible for "over-lengthy and ill-focused" grounds (Municipio de Mariana v (1) BHP Group PLC and (2) BHP Group Ltd(i)).
Read moreWitnesses overseas and preparations for trial during a pandemic
A couple of recent High Court decisions demonstrate some of the issues that arise when a party applies for one or more of their witnesses to give evidence at trial by video conferencing facilities, or seeks an adjournment of a trial, because a witness is overseas and experiencing difficulties in returning to Hong Kong in time for a trial date given the COVID-19 pandemic. In such circumstances, the courts’ ultimate priority is the administration of justice, which involves (among other things) balancing the parties’ competing interests while exercising their case management powers. A trial date (a “milestone date”) is generally sacrosanct and live evidence in person at trial is the norm.
Read moreForum conveniens – English High Court decides that parallel proceedings are not a "trump card" when determining jurisdiction
Hot on the heels of another recent decision on forum conveniens, PJSC National Bank Trust v Mints(1) (see our article on this decision), the English High Court has re-affirmed that the risk of irreconcilable decisions from parallel proceedings in other jurisdictions is not a "trump card" in determining the proper forum for a dispute.
Read moreWhen will the court step in to correct a contractual mistake?
Only if contractual provisions are "nonsensical or absurd" will the Court intervene to correct mistaken drafting. The Court of Appeal recently considered this issue in the context of a dispute between a landlord and tenant in MonSolar IQ Ltd v Woden Park Ltd.(1)
Read moreThe current state of service
Civil war, competing Governments and a dangerous environment. None of these factors ultimately swayed the UK Supreme Court on 25 June, which held that an English court cannot simply dispense with service of the claim form in proceedings against a State, however difficult service may seem.
Read moreExpert evidence is not an absolute right: High Court issues stark reminder that breaches of rules on expert evidence will not be tolerated
The High Court has recently issued a stark reminder that breaches of the rules on expert evidence will not be tolerated.
Read moreNever too late: English court issues anti-suit injunctions despite foreign proceedings reaching Supreme Court
If, contrary to an agreement to arbitrate, you are sued in the wrong jurisdiction the English courts stand willing to issue an anti-suit injunction – regardless of how quickly the foreign proceedings might have escalated. The recent case of UAU -v- HVB [2021] EWHC 1548 (Comm) serves as a good example of how a party should conduct itself in order successfully to obtain injunctive relief.
Read moreHigh Court reminds us of the principles of res judicata and abuse of process
The court has and will act to prevent claims being re-litigated by parties not content with earlier outcomes; Elite Property Holdings Limited v Barclays Bank(1)
Read moreExceptions to the without prejudice rule – another retrenchment
The Court of Appeal has resisted the temptation to provide clarity on the scope and application of the so-called Muller(1) exception to the without prejudice rule. In Berkeley Square Holdings Limited v Lancer Property Asset Management Limited(2), it indicated that recent first instance decisions had strayed beyond the facts in Muller, a development that might widen the scope of the exception unjustifiably.
Read moreHand in your notice - how to bring a successful warranty claim
Buyers wishing to make a claim under contractual warranty provisions must comply with those provisions to the letter; sufficient and timely information is key. In Arani & Others v Cordic Group(1), the buyer had given inadequate notice of its contractual warranty claim and also could not bring a misrepresentation claim based on the warranties.
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Civil Fraud
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreForum conveniens – context is key
The English High Court has allowed conspiracy proceedings brought by two Russian banks against several Russian nationals to proceed in England, despite there being "no doubt, and no dispute, that [it] is a Russian case".(1)
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Financial disputes
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreCourt reviews witness’s reluctance to travel to Hong Kong because of COVID-19
In Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd v Nie, the Court of Appeal refused the defendant (who resides outside Hong Kong) permission to appeal a trial judge’s decision not to allow her to give evidence by videoconferencing facilities (VCF) at trial. Apparently, the defendant had been reluctant to travel to Hong Kong from Beijing (where she resides) to attend the trial because of concerns about the COVID-19 public health pandemic. Both the trial judge and the Court of Appeal appear to have been unimpressed by the defendant’s application. Giving witness evidence by VCF during a trial in civil proceedings is not the norm (even during a pandemic). A party looking to rely on such evidence needs to act promptly to obtain the court’s permission and provide good reasons for doing so supported by credible evidence.
Read moreWhen can "deliberate concealment" postpone limitation periods?
The Court of Appeal has explored the meaning of "deliberate concealment" in Canada Square Operations Ltd v Potter(1) and has held that there need not be "active steps of concealment" for the start of a limitation period to be delayed under s.32(1)(b) Limitation Act 1980.
Read moreParental Guidance from the Supreme Court: When may a UK domiciled parent company owe a duty of care to individuals affected by the acts of its foreign subsidiary?
We discuss a significant Supreme Court decision on parent company liability under English law, Okpabi and others v Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. This decision on jurisdiction provides helpful guidance on the circumstances in which a UK domiciled parent company may owe a common law duty of care in respect of the actions of a foreign subsidiary company.
Read moreA Lack of List of Issues for Disclosure is not a bar to specific disclosure under the Disclosure Pilot Scheme
The court can order specific disclosure under the Disclosure Pilot Scheme, even where there is no agreed or approved List of Issues for Disclosure HMRC v IGE USA Investments Ltd and Ors(1).
Read moreDoes an expert owe a fiduciary duty to its client?
For the first time, the Court of Appeal has considered the duties of an expert concurrently engaged on two potentially conflicting disputes. While this case involved an unusual set of circumstances, it provides an interesting review of the duties owed by expert witnesses to their clients and the Court, and highlights important considerations for those engaging expert witnesses and drafting engagement letters Secretariat Consulting Pte Ltd, Secretariat International UK Ltd, Secretariat Advisors LLC v A Company.(1)
Read moreA new cause of action can only be introduced by amendment if it arises out of substantially the same facts that remain in issue at the time of the amendment
Pleadings that have previously been struck out cannot be used to introduce a new, limitation-barred claim that arises out of substantially the same set of facts as the struck out claim according to the Court of Appeal in Libyan Investment Authority v King [2020] EWCA Civ 1690.
Read moreTech-driven arbitration? What else can we look forward to in arbitration in the UK?
A look at the past year in arbitration in the UK and what the future holds.
Read moreThe jurisdiction eagle has landed…in the Courts of England & Wales
Does the governing law for passing off claims fall under Article 6 or Article 8 of Rome II? The High Court's explores this in Lyle & Scott Limited v American Eagle Outfitters Inc(1).
Read moreWhen is an error a serious irregularity? The English court demonstrates its approach to correcting arbitration awards
A tribunal's admission of a simple computational error, and its refusal to correct it, was a serious irregularity that had caused substantial injustice. On the basis of this, the English court remitted an arbitration award to the tribunal for correction so that the tribunal would have the room to carry outs its stated intention to award substantial damages to one of the parties.
Read moreBeware of trying to address gaps in your evidence during trial: High Court refuses permission to rely on a new witness statement prepared part-way through trial
The "inherent unreliability" in evidence prepared during trial, and the high risk that the evidence had been tailored to fit the current state of the claimant's case, caused the High Court to refuse the claimant permission to rely on a witness statement of one its in-house lawyers, prepared during an ongoing trial, and to call that witness to give oral evidence during the trial. (1)
Read moreThe Court of Appeal provides useful reminder of the force of the "subject to contract" label in the context of settlement negotiations
A Part 36 offer does not alter the status of "subject to contract" protection in solicitors' correspondence settling a dispute.
Read moreLate service of evidence requires relief from sanctions
An application to admit witness evidence outside the directions timetable should be treated like an application for relief from sanctions under CPR 3.9 according to the High Court in Wolf Rock (Cornwall) Ltd v Langhelle
Read moreLargest 'white elephant' in history of group actions
BHP successfully applies to strike out 200,000 claims as an abuse of process. Had the judge not struck the claims out, he would have stayed proceedings on jurisdictional grounds under Article 34 and the doctrine of forum non conveniens. (1)
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