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High Court refuses permission for unissued contempt application where breach of freezing order only technical
In Pharmagona Limited v Taheri,(1) the High Court refused to seal and issue a contempt application as the breach, if it had occurred, was only technical, and it was therefore inappropriate for the application to succeed.
Read moreHigh Court reviews permission for expert reports and delay after general adjourned period
In Redland Precast Concrete Products (China) Ltd v AES Steel Mould (Hong Kong) Ltd1 the Court of Appeal emphasised that it is unlikely to interfere with the exercise of a first instance court’s case management discretion regarding directions for expert reports, unless an applicant can show that the lower court’s decision is plainly wrong. This presents a party seeking to challenge such directions with a high threshold to overcome in order to obtain permission to appeal. In this case, the applicant (the plaintiff) was unable to meet the threshold – therefore, its application for permission to appeal was refused by the court. Had the plaintiff acted more expeditiously, immediately after the general adjourned period (when the courts were generally closed between January and May 2020 because of the pandemic), things may have turned out differently.
Read moreSecurity for costs – through what lens is the enforcement criteria viewed?
Political obstacles can trump legal obstacles when court is considering enforcement in security for costs applications Haque v Hussain(i)
Read moreExceptional Circumstances: CPR 52.30 and a lesson on drafting grounds of appeal from the Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal has given guidance on how to draft grounds of appeal in a rap over the knuckles for lawyers responsible for "over-lengthy and ill-focused" grounds (Municipio de Mariana v (1) BHP Group PLC and (2) BHP Group Ltd(i)).
Read moreWitnesses overseas and preparations for trial during a pandemic
A couple of recent High Court decisions demonstrate some of the issues that arise when a party applies for one or more of their witnesses to give evidence at trial by video conferencing facilities, or seeks an adjournment of a trial, because a witness is overseas and experiencing difficulties in returning to Hong Kong in time for a trial date given the COVID-19 pandemic. In such circumstances, the courts’ ultimate priority is the administration of justice, which involves (among other things) balancing the parties’ competing interests while exercising their case management powers. A trial date (a “milestone date”) is generally sacrosanct and live evidence in person at trial is the norm.
Read moreCrypto-assets again confirmed as property by the English Commercial Court
In the Commercial Court's latest crypto-related judgment, Fetch.AI(1), a proprietary injunction and worldwide freezing order were granted against various categories of persons unknown who had misappropriated various crypto-assets from one of the claimant's Binance trading accounts. In doing so, the Court agreed with the key finding in the seminal case AA v Persons Unknown, Re Bitcoin [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm) – that bitcoin is 'property' – albeit it did so on a different basis.
Read moreForum conveniens – English High Court decides that parallel proceedings are not a "trump card" when determining jurisdiction
Hot on the heels of another recent decision on forum conveniens, PJSC National Bank Trust v Mints(1) (see our article on this decision), the English High Court has re-affirmed that the risk of irreconcilable decisions from parallel proceedings in other jurisdictions is not a "trump card" in determining the proper forum for a dispute.
Read moreWhen will the court step in to correct a contractual mistake?
Only if contractual provisions are "nonsensical or absurd" will the Court intervene to correct mistaken drafting. The Court of Appeal recently considered this issue in the context of a dispute between a landlord and tenant in MonSolar IQ Ltd v Woden Park Ltd.(1)
Read moreThe current state of service
Civil war, competing Governments and a dangerous environment. None of these factors ultimately swayed the UK Supreme Court on 25 June, which held that an English court cannot simply dispense with service of the claim form in proceedings against a State, however difficult service may seem.
Read moreExpert evidence is not an absolute right: High Court issues stark reminder that breaches of rules on expert evidence will not be tolerated
The High Court has recently issued a stark reminder that breaches of the rules on expert evidence will not be tolerated.
Read moreNever too late: English court issues anti-suit injunctions despite foreign proceedings reaching Supreme Court
If, contrary to an agreement to arbitrate, you are sued in the wrong jurisdiction the English courts stand willing to issue an anti-suit injunction – regardless of how quickly the foreign proceedings might have escalated. The recent case of UAU -v- HVB [2021] EWHC 1548 (Comm) serves as a good example of how a party should conduct itself in order successfully to obtain injunctive relief.
Read moreHigh Court reminds us of the principles of res judicata and abuse of process
The court has and will act to prevent claims being re-litigated by parties not content with earlier outcomes; Elite Property Holdings Limited v Barclays Bank(1)
Read moreExceptions to the without prejudice rule – another retrenchment
The Court of Appeal has resisted the temptation to provide clarity on the scope and application of the so-called Muller(1) exception to the without prejudice rule. In Berkeley Square Holdings Limited v Lancer Property Asset Management Limited(2), it indicated that recent first instance decisions had strayed beyond the facts in Muller, a development that might widen the scope of the exception unjustifiably.
Read moreHand in your notice - how to bring a successful warranty claim
Buyers wishing to make a claim under contractual warranty provisions must comply with those provisions to the letter; sufficient and timely information is key. In Arani & Others v Cordic Group(1), the buyer had given inadequate notice of its contractual warranty claim and also could not bring a misrepresentation claim based on the warranties.
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Civil Fraud
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreForum conveniens – context is key
The English High Court has allowed conspiracy proceedings brought by two Russian banks against several Russian nationals to proceed in England, despite there being "no doubt, and no dispute, that [it] is a Russian case".(1)
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Financial disputes
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Financial disputes
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreCourt reviews witness’s reluctance to travel to Hong Kong because of COVID-19
In Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd v Nie, the Court of Appeal refused the defendant (who resides outside Hong Kong) permission to appeal a trial judge’s decision not to allow her to give evidence by videoconferencing facilities (VCF) at trial. Apparently, the defendant had been reluctant to travel to Hong Kong from Beijing (where she resides) to attend the trial because of concerns about the COVID-19 public health pandemic. Both the trial judge and the Court of Appeal appear to have been unimpressed by the defendant’s application. Giving witness evidence by VCF during a trial in civil proceedings is not the norm (even during a pandemic). A party looking to rely on such evidence needs to act promptly to obtain the court’s permission and provide good reasons for doing so supported by credible evidence.
Read moreDisputes Yearbook 2021: Retail disputes
As part of the acclaimed Disputes Yearbook, Legal Business interviewed members of our disputes team exploring the litigation landscape and what RPC brings to the table.
Read moreWhen can "deliberate concealment" postpone limitation periods?
The Court of Appeal has explored the meaning of "deliberate concealment" in Canada Square Operations Ltd v Potter(1) and has held that there need not be "active steps of concealment" for the start of a limitation period to be delayed under s.32(1)(b) Limitation Act 1980.
Read moreParental Guidance from the Supreme Court: When may a UK domiciled parent company owe a duty of care to individuals affected by the acts of its foreign subsidiary?
We discuss a significant Supreme Court decision on parent company liability under English law, Okpabi and others v Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. This decision on jurisdiction provides helpful guidance on the circumstances in which a UK domiciled parent company may owe a common law duty of care in respect of the actions of a foreign subsidiary company.
Read moreA Lack of List of Issues for Disclosure is not a bar to specific disclosure under the Disclosure Pilot Scheme
The court can order specific disclosure under the Disclosure Pilot Scheme, even where there is no agreed or approved List of Issues for Disclosure HMRC v IGE USA Investments Ltd and Ors(1).
Read moreDoes an expert owe a fiduciary duty to its client?
For the first time, the Court of Appeal has considered the duties of an expert concurrently engaged on two potentially conflicting disputes. While this case involved an unusual set of circumstances, it provides an interesting review of the duties owed by expert witnesses to their clients and the Court, and highlights important considerations for those engaging expert witnesses and drafting engagement letters Secretariat Consulting Pte Ltd, Secretariat International UK Ltd, Secretariat Advisors LLC v A Company.(1)
Read moreA new cause of action can only be introduced by amendment if it arises out of substantially the same facts that remain in issue at the time of the amendment
Pleadings that have previously been struck out cannot be used to introduce a new, limitation-barred claim that arises out of substantially the same set of facts as the struck out claim according to the Court of Appeal in Libyan Investment Authority v King [2020] EWCA Civ 1690.
Read moreTech-driven arbitration? What else can we look forward to in arbitration in the UK?
A look at the past year in arbitration in the UK and what the future holds.
Read moreThe jurisdiction eagle has landed…in the Courts of England & Wales
Does the governing law for passing off claims fall under Article 6 or Article 8 of Rome II? The High Court's explores this in Lyle & Scott Limited v American Eagle Outfitters Inc(1).
Read moreWhen is an error a serious irregularity? The English court demonstrates its approach to correcting arbitration awards
A tribunal's admission of a simple computational error, and its refusal to correct it, was a serious irregularity that had caused substantial injustice. On the basis of this, the English court remitted an arbitration award to the tribunal for correction so that the tribunal would have the room to carry outs its stated intention to award substantial damages to one of the parties.
Read moreBeware of trying to address gaps in your evidence during trial: High Court refuses permission to rely on a new witness statement prepared part-way through trial
The "inherent unreliability" in evidence prepared during trial, and the high risk that the evidence had been tailored to fit the current state of the claimant's case, caused the High Court to refuse the claimant permission to rely on a witness statement of one its in-house lawyers, prepared during an ongoing trial, and to call that witness to give oral evidence during the trial. (1)
Read moreThe Court of Appeal provides useful reminder of the force of the "subject to contract" label in the context of settlement negotiations
A Part 36 offer does not alter the status of "subject to contract" protection in solicitors' correspondence settling a dispute.
Read moreLate service of evidence requires relief from sanctions
An application to admit witness evidence outside the directions timetable should be treated like an application for relief from sanctions under CPR 3.9 according to the High Court in Wolf Rock (Cornwall) Ltd v Langhelle
Read moreLargest 'white elephant' in history of group actions
BHP successfully applies to strike out 200,000 claims as an abuse of process. Had the judge not struck the claims out, he would have stayed proceedings on jurisdictional grounds under Article 34 and the doctrine of forum non conveniens. (1)
Read moreCan an appeal court order repayment after it has reversed the relevant order?
An appellate court has an inherent power to restore money paid or property transferred under an order which it has reversed. And not all contractual provisions are susceptible to being waived by election. These are the two key takeaways from the Privy Council's judgment in Delta Petroleum (Caribbean) Ltd v British Virgin Islands Electricity Corporation [2020] UKPC 23.
Read moreMore is more when giving a notice of claim under an SPA
A buyer's notice of claim pursuant to the terms of a sale and purchase agreement in a USD1 billion transaction failed adequately to comply with the notice requirements set out in the tax covenant of the SPA. As a result, a sum of USD50 million held in escrow for claims was paid out unconditionally to the sellers under the SPA. Dodika Ltd v United Good Luck Holdings Ltd [2020] EWHC 2101 (Comm).
Read moreWhen is an Application to Court an Abuse of Process?
While hearing the appeal of an application to discharge an interim order, the Court of Appeal clarified its approach to deciding when conduct is permissible and when it may amount to an abuse of process.
Read moreTo MAE or not to MAE? Commercial Court hands down preliminary issues judgment in first Covid-19 Material Adverse Effect case
In her recent decision in Travelport Limited and others v Wex Inc,(1) the Head of the Commercial Court provided topical guidance on the construction and application of Material Adverse Effect clauses in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Read moreLIBOR: Litigation risks in the endgame?
In 2021 we will bid farewell to LIBOR and welcome in SONIA. The two systems work in different ways, with LIBOR looking forward and SONIA looking back.
Read moreHidden owners, ostensible authority and the Duomatic principle
The Duomatic principle can apply to ostensible authority as well as actual authority, according to the Privy Council in Ciban Management Corporation v Citco (BVI) Ltd & Anor (British Virgin Islands) [2020] UKPC 21.
Read moreHold on to your seats: UK Supreme Court ends the argument about the law governing arbitration agreements
Identifying what law governs a contractual term requiring the parties to arbitrate their disputes, rather than taking them to court, can be profoundly important.
Read moreThe LCIA Rules 2020 – what's new?
Changes in relation to complex multi-party cases and the use of technology form the backbone of the latest version of the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)'s arbitration rules (the LCIA Rules 2020).
Read moreOverseas In-house lawyer's advice covered by legal advice privilege
There is no additional requirement for in-house foreign lawyers to be "appropriately qualified" or recognised or regulated as a "professional lawyer" for legal advice privilege to extend to communications between them and company employees.
Read moreThe Quincecare duty bowls out HSBC
The High Court has held that banks may be liable for breaches of the Quincecare duty even where the customer's net assets have not been reduced by the breach; Stanford International Bank Ltd v HSBC Bank Plc(1)
Read moreCFH Clearing Limited v Merrill Lynch International [2020] EWCA Civ 1064
The Court of Appeal has held that "Market Practice" is too wide a term to be implied into an ISDA Master Agreement covering currency trading transactions, in dismissing a claim arising from the "de-pegging" of the Swiss Franc from the Euro.
Read moreSecurity for costs not ordered despite looming economic downturn caused by COVID-19
Evidence of the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Claimant's financial position was not enough to show an inability to pay adverse costs in a recent application for security for costs in the High Court in International Pipeline Products Limited v IK UK Ltd & Ors. [2020] EWHC 1602
Read moreStick to the process – a further reminder of how useful a process agent clause can be, especially following Brexit
Process agent clauses are commonly included in cross-border finance transactions. They avoid the need for the claimant, typically the lender, to have to serve process outside the jurisdiction, frequently a costly and time-consuming exercise, particularly when the court's permission is needed. Accordingly, lenders will often require a foreign borrower and/or any guarantors to appoint a process agent in the lender's jurisdiction to accept service on their behalf.
Read moreNo interim injunction over bitcoin account where damages would be adequate
The court has declined to continue interim injunctions granted in respect of a 'coin depot account' holding bitcoin over which the claimants asserted a proprietary right.
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