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Hong Kong Courts – Closing the GAP

Published on 22 May 2020. By Carmel Green, Partner

The general adjourned period (GAP), during which the courts in Hong Kong were closed save for urgent and essential court business, started on 29 January 2020 with the early onset of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.

Arbitrable disputes in the context of winding up proceedings

Published on 05 May 2020.

This note discusses two recent decisions of the Court of Appeal of Singapore that dealt with the standard of review to be applied in winding up proceedings where a debtor asserts that there is a dispute which parties agreed to resolve by way of arbitration.

High Court provides a reminder against "over-lawyering" of witness statements

Published on 30 Apr 2020. By Harriet Evans, Senior Associate

In a reminder not to "over-lawyer" witness statements, a High Court judge has ordered that statements be revised to remove inappropriate content(1).

General adjournment in Hong Kong does not extend duration of ex parte injunction

Published on 29 Apr 2020. By Carmel Green, Partner and Antony Sassi, Managing Partner, Asia

In Hong Kong, the courts have generally been closed, save for urgent and essential court business as a result of COVID-19.

COVID-19 – Hong Kong Courts set for phased reopening from May

Published on 23 Apr 2020. By Jonathan Crompton, Partner

On 22 April 2020, the Hong Kong Judiciary announced that the general adjourned period ("GAP") for court proceedings, which started on 29 January 2020, will end on 3 May 2020. Stressing that the health and safety of court users, the Judiciary's staff and Judges and Judicial Officers ("JJOs") remains paramount, the Judiciary will move to a phased reintroduction of general business.

A Review in Confidence: Modernising the Law of Breach of Confidence in Singapore

Published on 17 Apr 2020.

The elements for a claim for breach of confidence were trite, having been established more than 50 years ago in the English case of Coco v. AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd (1) and affirmed in numerous Singapore decisions (2) .

Hong Kong Courts – In with the old and the new technology

Published on 15 Apr 2020. By Antony Sassi, Managing Partner, Asia and Jonathan Crompton, Partner and David Smyth, Senior Consultant

In Re Cyberworks Audio Video Technology Ltd,(1) the High Court of Hong Kong decided that it can, as part of its case management powers and of its own volition, order that a directions hearing take place by means of a telephone conference without the physical presence in court of the parties or their legal representatives.

Hong Kong courts begin use of video conferencing

Published on 15 Apr 2020. By Antony Sassi, Managing Partner, Asia and Carmel Green, Partner

Given the extended general adjourned period (GAP), during which the courts in Hong Kong have been closed except for urgent and essential court business, the judiciary has adopted an incremental approach to the use of technology for remote hearings.

Hong Kong Court of Appeal hears appeal using video conferencing

Published on 15 Apr 2020. By Charles Allen, Partner & Head of Hong Kong office and Carmel Green, Partner

On 2 April 2020 the Chief Judge of the High Court issued a Guidance Note setting out the practice for remote hearings in the Court of First Instance of the High Court (but not the District Court) using the court's existing video conferencing facilities (VCF). Hard on its heels, on 6 April 2020 the Court of Appeal conducted a hearing by VCF in CSFK v. HWH [2020] HKCA 207.

COVID-19: Trials - the show must go on

Published on 09 Apr 2020. By Alexandra Anderson, Partner

Judges are taking to heart the HMCTS's guidance focused on encouraging judges to maximise the use of video and telephone hearings using current technology. So, while the theatres in the UK remain closed, the theatres of justice continue with their activities.

COVID-19 – Hong Kong Courts handling urgent and essential matters

Published on 09 Apr 2020. By Charles Allen, Partner & Head of Hong Kong office

On 8 April 2020, the Hong Kong Judiciary announced that the general adjourned period ("GAP") for court proceedings will continue until at least 3 May 2020. During the GAP, court registries and offices are, for the most part, closed. However, the GAP does not apply to "urgent and essential court hearings and/or matters".

COVID-19: Virtual hearings - what we've learned

Published on 27 Mar 2020. By Dan Wyatt, Partner

Remote court hearings have very quickly become the "new normal". We've taken part in a fair few in recent weeks so wanted to share some practical tips that we hope will help those about to enter the virtual courtroom….

COVID-19 - The official guidance on remote hearings; early engagement is key to success

Published on 24 Mar 2020. By Geraldine Elliott, Partner and David Cran, Partner, Head of IP & Tech

COVID-19. The courts are trying to conduct "business as usual" as much as possible in this challenging climate. The latest official guidance, published on Friday, covers remote hearings in all Civil Courts in England & Wales; it relates to all types of hearings – applications, trials and appeals.

COVID-19: Impact on court hearings and successful virtual mediations

Published on 20 Mar 2020. By David Cran, Partner, Head of IP & Tech and Geraldine Elliott, Partner

As anticipated, the Courts are now moving to a (mainly) remote working basis.

Beware: English jurisdiction clauses do not mean choice of English law

Published on 06 Mar 2020. By Geraldine Elliott, Partner and Fred Kuchlin, Senior Associate

Where parties have agreed in a contract that the English courts will have jurisdiction in the event of a dispute, it does not automatically follow that English law will be the governing law. A party recently found this out, to its cost, when a different governing law clause meant an expired limitation period. This case demonstrates that those entering into contractual agreements should carefully consider a choice of law clause that specifically designates the laws of a country that suits them. GDE LLC v Anglia Autoflow Limited.

High Court: Claimants' litigation funder ordered to provide security for costs

Published on 21 Feb 2020. By Chris Ross, Partner and Gill O'Regan, Senior Associate

The High Court has handed down a significant judgment giving important guidance on the Court’s approach to issues of costs-sharing and security for costs against litigation funders in large multi-party claims. The judgment will be a key touchpoint in this developing area of law. RPC acts for Ingenious in the proceedings. The judgment citation is [2020] EWHC 235 (Ch).

Equitable compensation for breach of fiduciary duty: a question of loss?

Published on 20 Feb 2020. By Davina Given, Partner

A director who extracted money from a company by way of sham invoices may have a defence to an equitable compensation claim for misappropriation of the company's funds, if the director could have lawfully transferred the funds to the same recipients for no value. The Court of Appeal explored this possibility in Auden McKenzie (Pharma Division) Ltd v Patel

Lenders face more allegations about their actions on restructuring

Published on 14 Feb 2020.

Representatives of a lender on a board will not automatically impose directors' duties on the lender, but they may apply where a director's specific instructions have led directly to a breach of fiduciary duty. The High Court recently explored this issue in an appeal in the case of Standish v Royal Bank of Scotland plc.

Covertly obtained information cannot be deployed until its legitimacy is resolved

Published on 07 Feb 2020.

Bitcoin is 'property' and can therefore be subject of proprietary injunction

Published on 03 Feb 2020. By Christopher Whitehouse, Senior Associate

Following recent case law on the matter, the High Court has found that bitcoin can be 'property' and can therefore be the subject of a proprietary injunction.(1) In reaching its conclusion, the court adopted the detailed analysis of the issue set out in the UK Jurisdictional Task Force's November 2019 Legal Statement on Crypto-Assets and Smart Contracts, thereby providing a far more detailed judicial basis for the finding than found in previous cases. The bitcoins at the heart of this case were part of a ransom payment paid to a hacker who installed malware on a company's IT systems.

Breaking news - dominant purpose test extends to legal advice privilege

Published on 31 Jan 2020. By Davina Given, Partner and Kiran Dhoot, Associate

The Court of Appeal has held that legal advice privilege will apply to communications only if seeking or giving legal advice is their dominant purpose.

Freezing orders: when will past conduct show a real risk of dissipation?

Published on 16 Jan 2020. By Jonathan Cary, Partner

In Lakatamia Shipping Company Limited v Morimoto, the Court of Appeal overturned a decision to discharge a worldwide freezing order. This case provides helpful guidance as to when a respondent's prior conduct may support a finding that a real risk of dissipation exists. WFO; Dissipation; Su.

Guaranteed to fail? Oral funding arrangements may be enforceable

Published on 09 Jan 2020. By Geraldine Elliott, Partner

Funding arrangements should be in writing, or at least impose a primary obligation on the funder to pay. So said the Court of Appeal in exploring whether an oral arrangement to fund a litigant was an unenforceable guarantee or an enforceable agreement to pay in any event (Deepak Abbhi -and- Richard John Slade (t/a Richard Slade and Company)

Duty of care can exist between parent company and third parties affected by subsidiaries' actions

Published on 30 Apr 2019.

Vedanta(1) is one of three similar cases progressing through the English courts concerning jurisdiction, mass tort claims and the potential liability of an English parent company for the actions of its foreign subsidiaries,(2) the others being Unilever and Dutch Shell.

Regulation of cryptocurrency pre-ICO funding under English Law

Published on 15 May 2018.

Launching a cryptocurrency typically involves an initial fundraising process followed by a public sale process, by way of initial coin offering or token sale ("ICO").

Hong Kong regulator warns of cryptocurrency risks

Published on 09 Feb 2018. By Jonathan Cary, Partner

Judicial developments in recent treaty cases

Published on 06 Sep 2023.

A spate of recent cases concerning the application of double tax treaties has seen the courts and tribunals striving for common¬sense, policy-driven outcomes.

Judicial review: does the Court of Appeal’s decision in Murphy offer taxpayers a glimmer of hope?

Published on 28 Jun 2023. By Adam Craggs, Partner and Liam McKay, Senior Associate

Judicial review provides a constitutionally important judicial check on the exercise of statutory powers by public bodies such as HMRC. However, the wide margin of appreciation afforded to public bodies by the courts, coupled with recent reforms to the judicial review process, make it a remedy of last resort that can be difficult for taxpayers to pursue successfully. In overturning the High Court’s refusal of the taxpayers’ judicial review claim, the Court of Appeal in Murphy v HMRC confirmed that HMRC had breached their legitimate expectation as to the application of an extra-statutory concession. While Murphy is unlikely to be the harbinger of a wholesale rebalancing of the judicial review scales in the taxpayer’s favour, it is a welcome step in the right direction.

Upper Tribunal considers when a dividend becomes 'due and payable' for tax purposes

Published on 23 Jan 2025. By Daniel Williams, Associate

In HMRC v Gould [2024] UKUT 00285 (TCC), the Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that an enforceable debt arises when a company pays an interim dividend to one shareholder but not another of the same class.

Loan Charge regime - High Court strikes out taxpayers' Part 8 claims as abuse of process

Published on 16 Jan 2025. By Liam McKay, Senior Associate

In allowing HMRC's appeal, the High Court determined that the taxpayers' claims in respect of the Loan Charge should be struck out as an abuse of process.

Upper Tribunal allows taxpayers' appeals on 'deliberate' behaviour

Published on 09 Jan 2025. By Alexis Armitage, Senior Associate

In the Outram case, the Upper Tribunal overturned the First-tier Tribunal's decision concluding that it had erred in law when deciding that the taxpayers had deliberately filed an inaccurate return without considering the subjective knowledge and intention of the taxpayers concerned.

Will the UK government's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance and fraud be effective?

Published on 19 Dec 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

In this article, which is based on an article published in Issue 4 2024 of the British Tax Review, Adam Craggs considers whether the UK's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance schemes and tax fraud will be effective.

Preparing for an HMRC dawn raid

Published on 12 Dec 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

How to prepare for a dawn raid by HMRC under the authority of a search warrant issued under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), enabling them to enter and search premises to investigate suspected tax fraud.

Taxing Matters: Deck the halls… with weird and wonderful taxes throughout history

Published on 10 Dec 2024.

In our special Christmas episode, Alexis Armitage, RPC's Taxing Matters podcast host and Senior Associate in our Tax Disputes and Investigations team, is joined by Andrew Hubbard, editor-in-chief of Tolley's Taxation Magazine. From candles to beards, join them as they discuss the most bizarre taxes that have existed throughout British history.

Tribunal strikes out HMRC's application for a tax-related information notice penalty against Paul Baxendale-Walker

Published on 05 Dec 2024. By Jasprit Singh, Senior Associate

In Paul Baxendale-Walker v HMRC [2024] UKUT 00154 (TC), the Upper Tribunal granted an application by the taxpayer, under Rule 8(3)(c) of the Upper Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, to strike out HMRC's application seeking a tax-related information notice penalty pursuant to paragraph 50 of Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008.

Tax Bites – December 2024

Published on 03 Dec 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner and Daniel Williams, Associate

Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.

Court of Appeal considers HMRC's CIS powers and allows taxpayers' appeals

Published on 28 Nov 2024.

In Beech Developments (Manchester) Ltd & Ors v Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs [2024] EWCA Civ 486, the Court of Appeal allowed the taxpayers' appeals, finding that HMRC does have power to issue a direction under Regulation 9(4) of the Construction Industry Scheme Regulations, where the same amount has been subject to a regulation 13 determination.

Taxing Matters: ADR in tax disputes with HMRC's ADR lead, Fiona McRobert

Published on 26 Nov 2024.

In this month's episode of Taxing Matters, Alexis Armitage is joined by HMRC's Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) lead, Fiona McRobert, to discuss HMRC's approach to the ADR process, and how tax disputes may be resolved outside the Tax Tribunals and the court system.

Tribunal finds insufficiency in taxpayer's return was not brought about "deliberately"

Published on 21 Nov 2024. By Liam McKay, Senior Associate

In allowing the taxpayer's appeal, the First-tier Tribunal determined that an insufficiency in his return was not brought about deliberately.

How to prepare for an HMRC dawn raid

Published on 20 Nov 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

One of the most stressful moments for a business is HMRC officers demanding access to your premises, so it is vital to have plans in place in the event of a dawn raid.

Contentious Tax Quarterly Review: November 2024

Published on 14 Nov 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

Adam Craggs and Harry Smith of RPC provide a Contentious Tax Quarterly Update discussing recent developments in tax litigation.

Tribunal finds that mixed-use SDLT rates should be reined in for purchase of property and paddock

Published on 07 Nov 2024.

The Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that mixed stamp duty land tax (SDLT) rates applied to the purchase of a property and adjoining paddock where a grazing lease for the latter was granted shortly after completion.

Tax Bites – November 2024

Published on 05 Nov 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.

Autumn Budget 2024: summary of implications for businesses and individuals

Published on 31 Oct 2024. By Adam Craggs, Partner

Adam Craggs explores the key implications of the Autumn Budget 2024 for businesses and individuals.

Tribunal allows taxpayer's appeal against information notice

Published on 31 Oct 2024. By Jasprit Singh, Senior Associate

In Sangha v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 00564 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) allowed, in part, Mr Sangha's appeal against HMRC's information notice issued under paragraph 1, Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008 as the information was not 'reasonably required' or in his 'possession or power'.