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Intellectual property

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Joshua Charalambous, Partner

Since our 2021 Review we have returned frequently to Sky v Skykick, a trade mark dispute that has been ongoing since 2016. In November 2024, the Supreme Court overturned the decision of the Court of Appeal (see here) finding that an inference of bad faith may be drawn if sufficient evidence exists – as there was in this case – that the applicant had never had any intention to supply or provide certain goods or services for which it sought trade mark protection. Once an inference of bad faith has been drawn, this may prove grounds for a mark to be wholly or partially invalidated.

Legal practices

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Richard Breavington, Partner and Daniel Guilfoyle, Partner and Jonathan Crompton, Partner

A crumbling regulator? The SRA is facing difficult questions about its effectiveness as a regulator in the wake of the collapse of Axiom Ince, which led to the disappearance of £62million and the loss of around 1,400 jobs. Initially Insurers received a flood of claims totalling around £33million. In an unpopular move, the SRA announced the profession will cover the loss through a 270% rise in contributions to the Compensation Fund.

Art & specie

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Karen Barnard-Taylor, Senior Associate

Following reports in 2023 that the British Museum had discovered that around 2,000 artefacts were either lost or damaged, it has this year concluded its internal investigation. The Museum found that it had not been compliant with UK legislation regarding how such artefacts should be kept. The Public Records Act requires all UK museums and libraries to meet basic standards of preservation, access and professional care. The consequences of such failings can mean collections being transferred elsewhere or handed over to the National Archives, although it seems the British Museum may be spared this outcome. The Museum is working with the National Archives to ensure their future compliance. This will include the introduction of new policies, such as defining what comprises its collection, introducing a policy for registering items, and improving its policy for reporting unlocated items.

Life sciences

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Dorothy Flower, Partner

COVID-19 continued to dominate life sciences headlines in 2024. The COVID-19 Inquiry has continued in earnest. Module 3, which focussed on the impact of the pandemic on healthcare systems has recently concluded. Damning evidence has been heard about the immense toll on healthcare staff, and the detrimental impact on NHS waiting times.

Marine and shipping

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Iain Anderson, Partner and Toby Savage, Partner

Two words are dominating the shipping sector in 2024 – "shadow fleet". The shadow (or "dark" or "grey") fleet is a reference to vessels which transport oil and petrochemical cargoes on behalf of sanctioned countries. Western economies finance, operate and insure the vast majority of the world's merchant fleet. Expansion of US, EU and UK sanctions means that, in general, vessels carrying cargoes from sanctioned countries cannot operate within the usual international shipping infrastructure. They are forced to go "dark" in a far more opaque part of the shipping sector. Until 2022 the shadow fleet was relatively small – restricted mainly to the carriage of Venezuelan and Iranian oil/petrochemical cargoes. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 – and the expansion of international sanctions against Russia – has vastly increased the shadow fleet.

Aviation

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Naomi Vary, Partner

In this this inaugural aviation chapter of the Annual Insurance Review, it would be impossible not to focus on the continuing upheaval wrought by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The aviation industry, which had largely weathered the disruption of the Covid pandemic, has been faced with new challenges since February 2022. Closure of European airspace to Russian aircraft, and of Russian airspace to aircraft from "unfriendly" countries, has forced route networks to adapt. Western sanctions which prohibited the supply of aircraft to Russian airlines have derailed longstanding relationships between Western aircraft lessors and their Russian customers. Prohibitions on the provision of insurance have similarly impacted aviation business models.

Media

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Dorothy Flower, Partner and Sian Morgan, Partner

The Online Safety Act 2023 (OSA) introduced a suite of obligations for "user-to-user" services and search engines which target the UK and/or have a significant number of UK users. In 2024, secondary legislation and Codes of Practice published by the regulator, Ofcom, began the process of giving the OSA practical effect.

Medical Malpractice

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Dorothy Flower, Partner and Sian Morgan, Partner

2024 has seen an increase in the number of physician associates (PAs) working across the medical sector (NHS and private). Employment of PAs is considered a fast and cost-effective method of addressing workforce shortages and ever-growing healthcare demands. In June 2022, there were 1300 PAs in England and Wales, rising to over 3,300 by June 2024. The numbers are expected to increase.

Pensions

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Iain Anderson, Partner and Toby Savage, Partner

A key development in 2024 has been the Court of Appeal's ruling in Virgin Media v NTL Pensions Trustees II Ltd [2024] EWCA Civ 843, which has significant implications for contracted out final salary pension schemes. The court confirmed that any amendments affecting guaranteed minimum in these schemes must be accompanied by a so-called Section 37 actuarial conformation. Without this confirmation, the amendment is deemed void, regardless of whether such confirmation would have been granted had it been sought at the time of the amendment.

Brokers

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Daniel Charity, Associate

The claims inflation seen in the market over recent years continues to pose a significant risk in relation to underinsurance, putting brokers at risk of negligence claims where an insured finds its cover insufficient to compensate for its losses. Industry research indicates that over 40% of commercial properties are underinsured, and claims managers are increasingly having to have difficult conversations with underinsured property owners. The impact of underinsured losses can be catastrophic for customers, particularly when policies contain average clauses. Insufficient property damage cover can also lead to longer business interruption periods, which are also not adequately insured. Brokers are playing a crucial role in seeking to tackle the underinsurance crisis and should continue to have frank discussions with clients and provide detailed advice on the implications of underinsurance in the event of a claim, including the application of average clauses.

Political Risk and Trade Credit

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Naomi Vary, Partner and Robert Morris, Partner and Iain Anderson, Partner

For the previous two years we have started our review with commentary on the war in Ukraine and, unfortunately, its continuation means we are obliged to do so again. Last year we indicated that positions were entrenched, but as we head into 2025 it appears Ukraine's prospects are becoming gloomier. Support from the United States is likely to be less forthcoming under the new presidency and if there is still territory to be gained it is likely Russia will take advantage of this. Accordingly, underwritten assets deeper into western Ukraine are increasingly becoming at risk of the types of losses seen across the market for the last couple of years.

Class Actions and Collective redress

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Lucy Dyson , Partner

The UK group litigation/ class action landscape continues to expand, particularly in an environmental and consumer context. Whilst we still have no US-style "opt-out" class action regime for civil claims (opt-out class actions are only viable in respect of competition law infringements), the available mechanisms for seeking redress on behalf of multiple claimants, continue to be tested.

Climate risk and biodiversity

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Lucy Dyson , Partner

2024 closed with the conclusion of COP29 and COP16 conferences. COP29 continued discussions in relation to financing greener energy projects and compensation of developing countries in the Global South for loss and damage as a result of extreme weather events.

Procedure, Damages and Costs

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Jonathan Wyles, Of Counsel

Alternative Dispute Resolution received a boost in 2024, when the Civil Procedure Rules were amended to expressly empower the court to order ADR. These changes follow the December 2023 judgment in Churchill v Merthyr Tydfil [2023] EWCA Civ 1416, in which the Court of Appeal concluded that it was lawful for the court to order parties to engage in ADR, provided the process does not interfere with the parties' access to a judicial determination.

Construction

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Alan Stone, Partner and Ben Goodier, Partner and Tom Green, Partner and Zoe Eastell, Partner

This year the new Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024 (the LFRA) enacted various amendments to the Building Safety Act 2022 (BSA), which came into force on 24 July 2024 and 31 October 2024.

Property and business interruption

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Jonathan Wyles, Of Counsel

Technip Saudi Arabia Limited v The Mediterranean & Gulf Insurance and Reinsurance Co. (MedGulf) [2024] EWCA Civ 481 concerned a dispute over coverage for a claim by Technip under its construction all risks policy with MedGulf written on an amended WELCAR wording. The claim arose from damage to a wellhead platform offshore of Saudi Arabia caused by a tug. The tug was chartered by Technip, who had contracted with the wellhead's owner, KJO, an unincorporated joint venture.

Contingency

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Naomi Vary, Partner and Robert Morris, Partner

The contingency chapter of the Annual Insurance Review returns after a break. At the time of the 2022 update we expected the events market to rebound following the pandemic, although there remained lingering questions regarding entry requirements. Moving to 2024, the COVID restrictions appear to be a thing of the past, with attendance at events depending on a personal risk assessment rather than a vaccine passport or negative test. Despite the inevitable litigation following declinature of COVID claims, events and the contingency market have returned to normality.

Restructuring & Insolvency

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Finella Fogarty, Partner, Head of Restructuring & Insolvency and Paul Bagon, Partner

2024 has seen one of the most significant insolvency cases in recent years. In June, Justice Leech handed down his judgment on the claim brought by the liquidators of BHS against certain of its former directors for wrongful trading and misfeasance. This judgment is likely to have important consequences for the D&O market.

Cyber and data

Published on 14 Jan 2025. By Elizabeth Zang, Associate and Richard Breavington, Partner and Daniel Guilfoyle, Partner and Rachel Ford, Partner and Jonathan Crompton, Partner

Last year's edition of the Annual Insurance Review included predictions that 2024 would see a trend towards an increased general level of cyber security given (i) the importance placed on security measures by regulatory bodies such as the ICO and (ii) the focus cyber underwriters had placed on assessing prospective insureds' security before offering cover.

D&O

Published on 14 Jan 2025.

2024 highlighted the importance of a directors' duty to consider or act in the interests of creditors where a company is insolvent or bordering on insolvency. The claim brought by the liquidators of BHS Group against certain of its former directors following the group's collapse into insolvency in 2016 saw the first time where a court held company directors guilty of "misfeasant trading". The directors were held to have not considered the creditors' interests before entering into an onerous and expensive secured loan which would exhaust the group's assets if it could not be repaid. The directors were therefore found to have acted against their statutory duties by entering into the loan instead of the group going into administration.

What 6 key challenges will insurers face in 2024?

Published on 11 Jan 2024. By Simon Laird, Partner, Insurance Sector Lead

Climate change, Artificial Intelligence and ESG top this year's predictions in latest edition of Annual insurance review from international law firm RPC

Annual Insurance Review 2024: Procedure damages & costs

Published on 11 Jan 2024.

In this chapter of our Annual Insurance Review 2024, we look at the main developments in 2023 and expected issues in 2024 for Procedure damages & costs.

Annual Insurance Review 2024: Product liability

Published on 11 Jan 2024.

In this chapter of our Annual Insurance Review 2024, we look at the main developments in 2023 and expected issues in 2024 for Product liability.

Annual Insurance Review 2024: Construction

Published on 11 Jan 2024. By Alan Stone, Partner and Ben Goodier, Partner and Tom Green, Partner and Zoe Eastell, Partner

In this chapter of our Annual Insurance Review 2024, we look at the main developments in 2023 and expected issues in 2024 for Construction.

Annual Insurance Review 2023

Published on 12 Jan 2023. By Simon Laird, Partner, Insurance Sector Lead

Hello and welcome to RPC's Annual Insurance Review – a look back at the events that shaped the insurance market in 2022 and a look forward towards what to expect in 2023.

What are the 8 key concerns insurers will face in 2023?

Published on 12 Jan 2023. By Simon Laird, Partner, Insurance Sector Lead

Annual Insurance Review from international law firm RPC identifies ESG risks, climate change and cyber-attacks as top challenges.

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RPC Bites #63: Aldi Kefir - copycat or collab? No more carbon credits for Brewdog and a rollercoaster for Carlsberg's portfolio

Published on 30 Jul 2024. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner and Sarah Mountain, Partner and Harpreet Kaur, Associate

Welcome back to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of the key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure.

RPC Bites #62: misleading 'freshly baked bread' claims, trademark troubles for Campari and McDonalds and more

Published on 25 Jun 2024. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner and Sarah Mountain, Partner and Harpreet Kaur, Associate

Welcome back to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of the key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure.

RPC Bites #61: Trade mark trouble for Tony's Chocolonely, ASA scalding for Jack Daniels but Hovis fare better and FSA guidance on vegan labelling

Published on 05 Apr 2024. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner and Sarah Mountain, Partner and Harpreet Kaur, Associate

Welcome back to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of the key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure.

Ginfringement: Success for M&S in the Court of Appeal in registered design spat with Aldi

Published on 15 Mar 2024. By Rory Graham, Associate and Georgia Davis, Of Counsel

M&S and Aldi's gin bottle battle over design rights has reached a conclusion (for now) as the Court of Appeal has unanimously upheld the IPEC's decision that Aldi's bottle infringed M&S' design.

RPC Bites #60: M&S vs Aldi, UKIPO win for Oatly and ASA guidance on supplement marketing

Published on 29 Feb 2024. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner and Sarah Mountain, Partner and Harpreet Kaur, Associate

Welcome back to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of the key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure.

Clear as gin: M&S and Aldi take liquor bottle battle to the Court of Appeal

Published on 26 Jan 2024. By Rory Graham, Associate and Georgia Davis, Of Counsel

Intellectual property enthusiasts' favourite supermarket adversaries were back at loggerheads this week as M&S and Aldi appear before the Court of Appeal. The pair sought to thrash out a first instance decision handed down in the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC) regarding alleged infringement of M&S' registered design rights in a gin bottle.

RPC Bites #59: Festive Bumper Issue

Published on 21 Dec 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome back to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a festive flavour of key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy and Happy Christmas and New Year to all of our readers!!

RPC Bites #58: Trade mark troubles, cheese-y appeals, warm ice cream and low-alcohol labelling...

Published on 29 Nov 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome back to RPC Bites. With a definite chill in the autumn air, our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a warming flavour of key legal, regulatory, and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!

RPC Bites #57: New FSA guidance on CBD consumption, "irresponsible" alcohol ads and greenwashing accusations strike Tesco

Published on 17 Oct 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

RPC Bites #56 - HFSS delays, Percy Pig's legal pursuits and Getir fails to deliver on promotion…

Published on 28 Jul 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

RPC Bites #55 - BrewDog gold can competition strikes again and Miller High Life cans crushed by Belgian customs

Published on 27 Apr 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

M&S v Aldi – lookalike claims lit up by design rights

Published on 24 Mar 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Harpreet Kaur, Associate and Jack McAlone, Associate

As lookalike products rise in prominence, the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court's (IPEC) recent ruling that the sale and advertisement of Aldi's 'Infusionist' range of favoured gins infringed M&S's UK registered designs protecting the light-up bottles containing its 'Snow Globe' gin range (Marks and Spencer PLC v Aldi Stores Limited [2023] EWHC 178) highlights the utility of registered design rights in circumstances where other intellectual property rights (IPR) are often less able to provide protection.

RPC Bites #54 – Aldi infringes M&S's design rights, ban on single use plastics and BrewDog pays for "solid gold" ad

Published on 10 Feb 2023. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

RPC Bites Christmas Bumper Issue #53 - is turkey off the menu this Christmas? Government sugar reduction targets not met amid HFSS delays

Published on 23 Dec 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

RPC Bites #52 – trade mark wars: Red Bull v Bullards, Tesco v Lidl and Heineken v Virgin

Published on 14 Dec 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

The Food, Beverage and Cosmetics Law Review: United Kingdom - Second Edition

Published on 14 Nov 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

RPC is excited to announce that the Second Edition UK chapter of the Food, Beverage and Cosmetics Law Review has been published and is available to download.

Lookalikes and passing off—bottle design get-up claim (Au Vodka)

Published on 07 Nov 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Sarah Mountain, Partner and Samuel Coppard, Senior Associate

Currently there's significant activity in the lookalikes space. The Au Vodka claim (Au Vodka v NE10 Vodka [2022] EWHC 2371), which focuses on bottle design 'get-up', arrived in the courts for an interim injunction hearing in September 2022. Au Vodka's application was dismissed. The judgment shows that passing off—get-up claims based on shape can be challenging to bring, particularly at the interim stage, and prompts the question of whether it's possible to bring Cofemel and copyright into the lookalikes arena.

RPC Bites #50 – potential HFSS U-turn, hard seltzers under fire again and AU Vodka v NE10 Vodka

Published on 25 Oct 2022.

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

Next round of HFSS restrictions land – are you ready?

Published on 30 Sep 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Sarah Mountain, Partner

In July 2020 the Government launched its tackling obesity strategy. In the strategy, the Government announced a number of measures to help people live healthier lives. These included consulting on front of pack labelling, requiring large out of home food businesses to add calorie labels to the food they sell, consulting on introducing calorie labelling on alcohol, and legislating to end the promotion of products deemed high in fat, sugar and/or salt (HFSS) by restricting volume promotions and placement in certain locations. In addition to these measures, the Government announced its intention to ban HFSS products being shown on TV before 9pm and paid-for adverts online.

RPC Bites #49 – Kellogg's HFSS legal action fails, Ellie Goulding's seltzer falls foul of ASA rules and is the 'alcohol free' threshold about to change

Published on 29 Jul 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

RPC Bites #48 – proposed salt and sugar tax omitted, lo/no alcohol drinks association launched in the UK and Cuthbert the caterpillar returns

Published on 15 Jun 2022. By Ciara Cullen, Partner, Retail & Consumer Sector Lead and Ben Mark, Partner

Welcome to RPC Bites. Our aim in the next 2 minutes is to provide you with a flavour of some key legal, regulatory and commercial developments in the Food & Drink sector over the last fortnight… with the occasional bit of industry gossip thrown in for good measure. Enjoy!!

'Popping to the shop' a thing of the past?

Published on 13 Jun 2022. By Rory Graham, Associate

Have you noticed that overnight, seemingly every poster on London's streets and billboard in its tube stations advertise a service that will magic groceries to your front door in an impossibly short timeframe? These are signifiers of the battle being fought in the instant grocery delivery space.