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You've been airdropped: English court approves service by NFT and finds it arguable that cryptocurrency-exchanges hold misappropriated assets as constructive trustees
In D’Aloia v (1) Persons Unknown (2) Binance Holdings Limited & Others [2022] EWHC 1723 (Ch), the English court approved service of proceedings by NFT and found that it was arguable that cryptocurrency exchanges owed constructive trustee duties to cyber-fraud victims.
Read moreFirst judgment obtained in proceedings brought by a cryptocurrency exchange in the English Courts
In HDR v Shulev and Nexo [2022] EWHC 1685 (Comm), HDR (represented by RPC), which operates the cryptocurrency exchange BitMEX, initiated stakeholder proceedings under CPR Part 86 to resolve a dispute between two rival parties claiming control, and ownership of the contents, of a trading account.
Read moreInjunction granted over stolen NFTs held on constructive trust
In a highly anticipated judgment, the Commercial Court in Lavinia Deborah Osbourne v (1) Persons Unknown (2) Ozone Networks Inc held that "there is at least a realistically arguable case" that non-fungible tokens ('NFTs') are to be treated as property in English Law.
Read moreIs the crypto market at the end of its Tether?
The crashing out of Terra has unleashed fears of unsettled investors, rising disputes and fraud exposure.
Read moreHigh Court finds that a cryptocurrency exchange arrangement was not a trust
The High Court decided that no trust could arise where two parties had agreed to an exchange of cryptocurrencies (in essence a sale and repurchase agreement), as the essential economic reciprocity precluded the existence of any trust.
Read moreCrypto-assets again confirmed as property by the English Commercial Court
In the Commercial Court's latest crypto-related judgment, Fetch.AI(1), a proprietary injunction and worldwide freezing order were granted against various categories of persons unknown who had misappropriated various crypto-assets from one of the claimant's Binance trading accounts. In doing so, the Court agreed with the key finding in the seminal case AA v Persons Unknown, Re Bitcoin [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm) – that bitcoin is 'property' – albeit it did so on a different basis.
Read moreNo interim injunction over bitcoin account where damages would be adequate
The court has declined to continue interim injunctions granted in respect of a 'coin depot account' holding bitcoin over which the claimants asserted a proprietary right.
Read moreBitcoin is 'property' and can therefore be subject of proprietary injunction
Following recent case law on the matter, the High Court has found that bitcoin can be 'property' and can therefore be the subject of a proprietary injunction.(1) In reaching its conclusion, the court adopted the detailed analysis of the issue set out in the UK Jurisdictional Task Force's November 2019 Legal Statement on Crypto-Assets and Smart Contracts, thereby providing a far more detailed judicial basis for the finding than found in previous cases. The bitcoins at the heart of this case were part of a ransom payment paid to a hacker who installed malware on a company's IT systems.
Read moreRegulation of cryptocurrency pre-ICO funding under English Law
Launching a cryptocurrency typically involves an initial fundraising process followed by a public sale process, by way of initial coin offering or token sale ("ICO").
Read moreCrypto & Digital Assets Disputes
Our crypto and digital asset dispute lawyers have deep technical knowledge of the sector and the technology powering it alongside vast experience in navigating the commercial and legal complexities. Where fraud has occurred, we move fast to secure and recover stolen digital assets.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayers' appeals as they were carrying on a business with a view to profit
In GCH Corporation Ltd and others v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 922 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) allowed the taxpayers' appeals and concluded that GCH Active LLP was carrying on a "business" with a view to profit at the time loan notes were transferred to it and the requirements of section 59A, Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (TCGA), were therefore satisfied and the transfers were capital contributions rather than disposals and no chargeable gain arose.
Read moreTax Bites – February 2025
Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.
Read moreTaxing Matters: Nature's wealth: unlocking the power of natural capital with Daisy Darrell
In the latest episode of Taxing Matters, our host, Alexis Armitage is joined by Daisy Darrell, a Senior Associate in Birkett's Agricultural and Estates team to discuss all things natural capital.
Read moreV@ update - January 2025
Welcome to the January 2025 edition of RPC's V@, our monthly update which provides news and analysis from the VAT world.
Read moreHMRC’s enquiry and correction powers
A key consultation on proposed reforms to HMRC’s enquiry and correction powers closed today. Dubbed the "Tax Administration Framework Review – New Ways to Tackle Compliance", this consultation is the latest in a series aimed at streamlining the UK’s tax system. The goal? To make it easier for taxpayers while enabling HMRC to allocate resources more effectively.
Read moreUpper Tribunal considers when a dividend becomes 'due and payable' for tax purposes
In HMRC v Gould [2024] UKUT 00285 (TCC), the Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that an enforceable debt arises when a company pays an interim dividend to one shareholder but not another of the same class.
Read moreHMRC launches new R&D voluntary disclosure platform amid increased enforcement and compliance efforts
HMRC has introduced a new specialist research and development (R&D) voluntary disclosure platform. This development follows a surge in HMRC R&D compliance activity, including a number of high-profile raids and arrests. It is estimated that over £1 billion has been lost to the Exchequer in recent years due to speculative or fraudulent R&D claims, prompting HMRC to take decisive action.
Read moreLoan Charge regime - High Court strikes out taxpayers' Part 8 claims as abuse of process
In allowing HMRC's appeal, the High Court determined that the taxpayers' claims in respect of the Loan Charge should be struck out as an abuse of process.
Read moreUpper Tribunal allows taxpayers' appeals on 'deliberate' behaviour
In the Outram case, the Upper Tribunal overturned the First-tier Tribunal's decision concluding that it had erred in law when deciding that the taxpayers had deliberately filed an inaccurate return without considering the subjective knowledge and intention of the taxpayers concerned.
Read moreWill the UK government's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance and fraud be effective?
In this article, which is based on an article published in Issue 4 2024 of the British Tax Review, Adam Craggs considers whether the UK's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance schemes and tax fraud will be effective.
Read morePreparing for an HMRC dawn raid
How to prepare for a dawn raid by HMRC under the authority of a search warrant issued under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), enabling them to enter and search premises to investigate suspected tax fraud.
Read moreTaxing Matters: Deck the halls… with weird and wonderful taxes throughout history
In our special Christmas episode, Alexis Armitage, RPC's Taxing Matters podcast host and Senior Associate in our Tax Disputes and Investigations team, is joined by Andrew Hubbard, editor-in-chief of Tolley's Taxation Magazine. From candles to beards, join them as they discuss the most bizarre taxes that have existed throughout British history.
Read moreTribunal strikes out HMRC's application for a tax-related information notice penalty against Paul Baxendale-Walker
In Paul Baxendale-Walker v HMRC [2024] UKUT 00154 (TC), the Upper Tribunal granted an application by the taxpayer, under Rule 8(3)(c) of the Upper Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, to strike out HMRC's application seeking a tax-related information notice penalty pursuant to paragraph 50 of Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008.
Read moreTax Bites – December 2024
Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.
Read moreCourt of Appeal considers HMRC's CIS powers and allows taxpayers' appeals
In Beech Developments (Manchester) Ltd & Ors v Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs [2024] EWCA Civ 486, the Court of Appeal allowed the taxpayers' appeals, finding that HMRC does have power to issue a direction under Regulation 9(4) of the Construction Industry Scheme Regulations, where the same amount has been subject to a regulation 13 determination.
Read moreTaxing Matters: ADR in tax disputes with HMRC's ADR lead, Fiona McRobert
In this month's episode of Taxing Matters, Alexis Armitage is joined by HMRC's Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) lead, Fiona McRobert, to discuss HMRC's approach to the ADR process, and how tax disputes may be resolved outside the Tax Tribunals and the court system.
Read moreV@ update - November 2024
Welcome to the November 2024 edition of RPC's V@, a monthly update which provides news and analysis from the VAT world.
Read moreCustoms and excise quarterly update - November 2024
Welcome to the November 2024 edition of RPC's Customs and Excise Quarterly Update.
Read moreTribunal finds insufficiency in taxpayer's return was not brought about "deliberately"
In allowing the taxpayer's appeal, the First-tier Tribunal determined that an insufficiency in his return was not brought about deliberately.
Read moreHow to prepare for an HMRC dawn raid
One of the most stressful moments for a business is HMRC officers demanding access to your premises, so it is vital to have plans in place in the event of a dawn raid.
Read moreContentious Tax Quarterly Review: November 2024
Adam Craggs and Harry Smith of RPC provide a Contentious Tax Quarterly Update discussing recent developments in tax litigation.
Read moreTribunal finds that mixed-use SDLT rates should be reined in for purchase of property and paddock
The Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that mixed stamp duty land tax (SDLT) rates applied to the purchase of a property and adjoining paddock where a grazing lease for the latter was granted shortly after completion.
Read moreTax Bites – November 2024
Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.
Read moreAutumn Budget 2024: summary of implications for businesses and individuals
Adam Craggs explores the key implications of the Autumn Budget 2024 for businesses and individuals.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's appeal against information notice
In Sangha v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 00564 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) allowed, in part, Mr Sangha's appeal against HMRC's information notice issued under paragraph 1, Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008 as the information was not 'reasonably required' or in his 'possession or power'.
Read moreV@ update - October 2024
Welcome to the October 2024 edition of RPC's V@, a monthly update which provides news and analysis from the VAT world.
Read moreHMRC's DOTAS application struck out
In HMRC v Elite Management Consultancy Ltd (in administration) and Adam Bale [2024] UKFTT 00567 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) confirmed that HMRC's DOTAS application was automatically struck out when it failed to serve an authorities bundle on time in breach of an 'unless' order issued by the FTT.
Read moreTaxing Matters: Crystal ball gazing with Jasprit Singh
In this episode, Alexis Armitage, RPC's Taxing Matters podcast host and Senior Associate in our Tax Disputes and Investigations team, is joined by colleague and fellow Senior Associate, Jasprit Singh. Join them as they gaze into their crystal ball and predict what could be on the horizon for taxpayers under the new Labour government.
Read moreTribunal confirms that trading had commenced for the purposes of Entrepreneur's Relief
In allowing the taxpayer's appeal, the First-tier Tribunal determined that an LLP had commenced trading for the purposes of Entrepreneur's Relief.
Read moreTribunal confirms principal private residence relief available where development began before sale of land
In the recent Nunn case, the First-tier Tax Tribunal allowed the taxpayer's claim for principal private residence relief, where development on land began before its sale.
Read moreEffective case management before the Tax Tribunal
Adam Craggs and Daniel Williams consider the various stages involved in a tax appeal to the First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber).
Read moreTax Bites – October 2024
Welcome to the latest edition of RPC's Tax Bites – providing monthly bite-sized updates from the tax world.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's appeal and confirms that non-residential SDLT rates applied
In Anne-Marie Hurst v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 00540 (TC), the First-tier Tax Tribunal allowed the taxpayer's appeal against HMRC's closure notice, in which HMRC concluded that the residential rate of SDLT was due on the purchase of a property because the sellers had used it as a 'hotel, inn or similar establishment' (HISE).
Read moreV@ update - September 2024
Welcome to the September 2024 edition of RPC's V@, a monthly update which provides news and analysis from the VAT world.
Read moreHMRC's offshore information gathering powers
This blog considers HMRC's information gathering powers and, in particular, their application to High Net Worth individuals.
Read moreRPC wins 'Marketing Initiative of the Year' at Legal Business Awards 2024
International law firm RPC was named the winner of the 'Marketing Initiative of the Year' at the prestigious Legal Business Awards 2024. This accolade highlights the firm's innovative approach in empowering the tax industry through cutting-edge digital solutions, setting new standards for client service and industry leadership.
Read moreTaxing Matters: Taxation of agents' fees in the football industry
In this episode, Alexis Armitage, RPC's Taxing Matters host and Senior Associate in our Tax Disputes and Investigations team, is joined by colleague and Partner, Michelle Sloane, to discuss the latest issues surrounding the taxation of agents' fees in the football industry.
Read moreTribunal awards costs against HMRC due to its unreasonable conduct
In Witton v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 489 (TC) (TCC), the First-tier Tribunal allowed HMRC's applications to amend its list of documents and to admit further evidence, and refused to disbar them from proceedings, but nonetheless awarded the taxpayer his costs due to HMRC's unreasonable behaviour.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's post-cessation trade relief claim as enquiry was out of time
In the recent Dennison case, the FTT allowed the taxpayer's post-cessation trade relief claim as HMRC's enquiry was opened out of time.
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