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What is a foundational model?

Published on 03 Jun 2024. By Caroline Tuck, Partner and Rory Graham, Associate

Department for Science, Innovation and Technology consults on proposed data infrastructure statutory framework

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What statutory obligations could the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology’s (DSIT) proposed statutory framework impose on UK data centre providers?

ICO publishes updates to its guidance on Transfer Risk Assessments

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How will recent updates to the Information Commissioner’s Office’s (ICO) guidance on Transfer Risk Assessments (TRAs) affect how UK organisations conduct their TRAs?

New ICO guidance on content moderation and data compliance

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How can organisations using content moderation technologies and processes best comply with data protection laws?

ICO launches consultation series on generative AI and data protection

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What is the Information Commissioner’s Office’s (ICO) intended approach to developing guidance on how data protection law should be applied to the development and use of generative AI?

CJEU rules on what constitutes “automated decision-making” under the GDPR

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Does the production of a credit score constitute “automated decision-making” for the purposes of Article 22 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? What wider impact will this have for AI technologies?

EDPB adopts opinion on “main establishment” of a controller in the EU

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What is meant by “main establishment” under article 4(16)(a) of the GDPR for the purposes of determining the application of the one-stop-shop mechanism?

ICO warns UK’s most visited websites to improve cookie choices

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What steps is the ICO taking to ensure that website cookie banners are compliant with law?

New Development: EU Data Act published in Official Journal

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

The EU Data Act (the Act) came into force on 11 January 2024. The Act sets out rules regarding the fair access to and use of data, aiming to enhance the data economy for individuals and businesses by overcoming barriers to data sharing and establishing frameworks around data access and use.

ICO fines HelloFresh £140,000 after 7-month spam marketing campaign

Published on 17 Apr 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Where did HelloFresh go wrong with their email and text marketing campaign and what lessons can be learned from the ICO’s investigation and subsequent fine?

ICO issues preliminary enforcement notice against Snap for its “My AI” Chatbot

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How can organisations who wish to join to the world of generative AI ensure that they adequately assess the risks from the perspective of the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO)?

New Development: EDPB provides clarification on tracking techniques covered by the ePrivacy Directive

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

On 14 November 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted a set of new guidelines (the Guidelines) on the technical scope of Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive (the ePD).

Clearview AI cleared of £7.5m ICO fine for processing data outside the UK

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Just how did the processing of personal data by Clearview AI (Clearview) fall outside the scope of UK GDPR?

ICO publishes guidance to ensure lawful monitoring in the workplace

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How can employers monitor their workers whilst maintaining their trust and complying with data protection regulation?

ICO publishes its draft “Data Protection Fining Guidance” for public consultation

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How will the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) calculate the amount of a fine under the UK GPDR and the Data Protection Act (DPA) 2018?

EU Advocate General’s opinion on data subjects’ rights to compensation for non-material damage under the GDPR

Published on 11 Dec 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Does the theft of an individual’s sensitive personal data by a wrongdoer give rise to compensation for non-material damage under Article 82 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), if the wrongdoer has not used, or taken steps to use, the sensitive personal data for any purpose?

ICO updates its guidance on AI and data protection

Published on 07 Jul 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What are the key data protection principles which the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) expects organisations to follow when integrating AI into their product and service offerings?

New developments in AI may put law firms at greater risk of phishing fraud

Published on 28 Apr 2023. By Will Sefton, Partner and Head of the Lawyers Liability and Regulatory Group

As the computing power of Artificial Intelligence continues to grow exponentially, we consider how generative technology may expand the reach of traditional phishing frauds aimed at law firms.

Thaler v Comptroller [2023] UKSC 49: the UKSC rules that AI cannot be an 'inventor'

Published on 10 Jan 2024. By Matthew Jones, Partner

To the surprise of no one, the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) has finally ruled that an artificial intelligence (AI) cannot be an inventor for the purposes of UK patent law. This judgment accords with the decisions of the lower courts in the UK and the initial ruling of the UKIPO. It also reflects similar findings from most of courts around the world where the claimant, Dr Thaler, brought similar actions.

Generative AI and intellectual property rights—the UK government's position

Published on 03 May 2023. By Helen Armstrong, Partner and Jani Ihalainen, Associate and Joshy Thomas, Knowledge Lawyer

The IPO is to produce a code of practice by the summer that will provide guidance to support AI firms in accessing copyright protected works as an input to their models.

Sports Ticker (27 April 2023) – PL gambling sponsor ban, WWE x UFC merger and Schumacher's AI interview – a speed-read of commercial updates from the sports world

Published on 28 Apr 2023. By Jeremy Drew, Partner, Head of Commercial and Joshua Charalambous, Partner and Samuel Coppard, Senior Associate and Joseph Akwaboa, Associate

In a fortnight which saw Corach Rambler win the Grand National, the UK & Ireland submit its bid to host the UEFA Euro 2028 men's tournament, and 48,000 runners take to the streets for the London Marathon, we bring you updates on Spotify's new integration with Strava and Team GB's collaboration with Birds Eye. We also feature stories on a controversial AI-generated interview with Michael Schumacher and our own Kate O'Malley's sub-three hour marathon success.

ICO publishes guidance on AI decision making

Published on 02 Nov 2020. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How can companies comply with data regulation when using AI to make decisions affecting individuals?

Harmful Online Choice Architecture: ASA criticises Nike and Sky for “dark pattern” tactics

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What must businesses do to ensure that their ads do not fall foul of the ASA and CMA’s ongoing investigations into harmful choice architecture and dark pattern tactics?

Agreements to agree: Price for goods “to be fixed” by agreement results in partially enforceable contract

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Caroline Tuck, Partner and Eleanor Harley , Senior Associate

Where a contract for the sale of goods did not expressly specify the price for a portion of the goods, was the contract for the sale of those goods, or an element of it, enforceable or unenforceable as a mere agreement to agree?

Influencer posts and affiliate links: the whole marketing chain must know the rules

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Why did the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) rule against Sainsbury’s on the use of an affiliate link by an influencer (noting that Sainsbury’s had no involvement in the creation of the post) and what steps could Sainsbury’s take to help prevent the problem from happening again?

Construing material adverse effect/material adverse change clauses

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Caroline Tuck, Partner and Eleanor Harley , Senior Associate

How did the courts go about construing a material adverse effect definition (MAE) in a share purchase agreement (SPA) to determine whether an event constituted a MAE so as to discharge the buyers from their obligation to close the transaction?

Travel agent found to have misled consumers with “from” price claims

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How can advertisers avoid misleading consumers when using “from” price claims?

Reasonable notice termination not construed or implied into a contract with detailed termination provisions

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Caroline Tuck, Partner and Eleanor Harley , Senior Associate

Where a contract contains comprehensive termination provisions, in what circumstances will the court avoid construing or implying an additional right to terminate on reasonable notice?

ASA rules against telecoms companies on mid-contract price rises

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What steps should be taken to ensure contractual mid-term price rises don’t fall foul of advertising regulations or Ofcom’s existing and incoming transparency rules?

Effect of a contractual liability cap on set-off and contractual interest

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Caroline Tuck, Partner and Eleanor Harley , Senior Associate

Under a contract’s liability cap, should the cap be applied separately to each party’s liability before any set-off or after calculating the net financial position between the parties?

Round up of recent green claims

Published on 10 Dec 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

Round up of recent green claims: Key updates and sector-specific updates

Court infers novation despite 'no dealings' clause

Published on 17 Oct 2024.

Magee and others v Crocker and others [2024] EWHC 1723 (Ch)

Determining whether a default interest clause is an unenforceable penalty

Published on 17 Oct 2024.

Houssein & Others v London Credit Limited & Another [2024] EWCA Civ 721

Agent authority in contract variation

Published on 17 Oct 2024. By David Cran, Partner, Head of IP & Tech and Caroline Tuck, Partner

Advanced Multi-Technology for Medical Industry and others v Uniserve Ltd and others [2024] EWHC 1725 (Ch)

Contract construction – adjective at the start of a list found to qualify the entire list

Published on 17 Oct 2024.

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co v Yes Bank Ltd [2024] EWCA Civ 695

Updated CAP guidance on when in-game purchases are considered 'advertising'

Published on 17 Oct 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

When and how does the CAP Code apply to the advertising of in-game purchases such as "loot boxes" in apps and video games?

ASA continues to scrutinise aviation green claims

Published on 17 Oct 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What can we learn from the Advertising Standards Authority's (ASA) recent rulings against green claims in the aviation industry?

ASA rules on impact of historic environmental performance on green claims

Published on 17 Oct 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How does the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) say about poor historic environmental behaviour in respect of green claims?

IAB Europe's 12 guiding principles for the 2024-2029 EU legal agenda

Published on 17 Oct 2024.

What principles will guide IAB Europe in the upcoming EU legal agenda?

ASA rules that ad is not sufficient where influencers also have business interests

Published on 17 Oct 2024.

Why could Zoe and Huel not rely on a #ad disclosure in ads promoted by the famous entrepreneur, Steven Bartlett? And what does this mean for brands where the individual featured in their ads has a business interest in them?

Heating and insulation green claims under CMA review

Published on 17 Oct 2024. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What is the Competition and Markets Authority's (CMA) new guidance on the marketing of heating and insulation products and how does this fit into the wider consumer protection picture?

New legislation proposed to bring FCA regulation to cryptoasset promotions

Published on 07 Jul 2023. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What will the Government’s new legislation mean for the promotion of cryptoassets?

European Parliament adopts the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act

Published on 10 Oct 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What are the next steps in the legislative timelines for the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the Digital Services Act (DSA) and what should companies be doing now to prepare?

The EU Accessibility Act

Published on 10 Oct 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What obligations will the EU Accessibility Act place on companies that manufacture or provide in-scope products and services?

UK announces new copyright exemption for text and data mining to promote AI development

Published on 10 Oct 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

What does the UK Government’s response to its consultation on Intellectual Property (IP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) mean for text and data mining?

Ofcom prepares for implementation of Online Safety Bill

Published on 10 Oct 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How and when does Ofcom expect to carry out its new regulatory function for online safety created by the Online Safety Bill?

Snapshots Autumn 2022

Published on 10 Oct 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

A roundup of key legal developments for the modern commercial lawyer.

Snapshots Summer 2022

Published on 03 Jun 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

A roundup of key legal developments for the modern commercial lawyer.

CMA secures changes to Xbox auto-renewal practices

Published on 12 Apr 2022. By Oliver Bray, Senior Partner

How far do Microsoft’s latest undertakings to the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) signal a need for all businesses to improve transparency and controls on automatically renewing subscriptions?